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SIR ERNEST SHACKLETON
AND THE ENDURACE EXPEDITION
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It
was March 1914 when the H.M.S. Endurance pulled out of port heading
South for the antarctic.
The 25 man crew (and one stow away), lead by Sir Ernest Shackleton
were headed for Antarctica. The goal was to land on one side of
Antarctica and send a 6 man dog sled team 3,000 kilometers across
the continent to be the first to make a cross continental journey.
As they
journeyed South they joked with the young stowaway that if anything
should happen he would be eaten first since there were no edible
plants in Antarctica and only penguins, seals & walrus's during
the summer.
As
the ship was unloading the supplies winter suddenly hit and the
ice pack closed in trapping the ship for winter. At first they lived
on the ship which was made out of incredibly thick iron wood, but
as winter progressed the ice moved in and threatened to crushed
the ship. Their only way home. The crew finally moved about 1 mile
away from the stricken boat. They lived in 3 overturned life boats
they had sledged from the ship. After about a month the ship, their
way home, was crushed and sank on Nov. 21, 1915. Eventually this
camp became too dangerous because of ice and they moved to a large
ice flow they named "Patience Camp." The sun had set for
the six month Antarctic night. Shackleton's logs record days of
howling blizzards with temperatures from -40C. to -60C.
After six months of living in overturned life boats the sun rose
and the ice started to break up so they dragged their boats the
miles necessary
to get to the open water and set sail in the three boats (the biggest
was only seven meter) for Elephant Island which is an uninhabited
little speck of rock on the north end of the Antarctica Peninsula.
On April 1916 (13 months after the expedition began) they landed
on Elephant Island. Soon after Shackleton and 5 others rowed out
to sea in the largest boat , the "James Caird", to South
Georgia island across 1,300 kilometers of the worst stretch of sea
in the world in an seven meter open boat. This was the Cape Horn,
which is much respected for it's violence. After braving hurricane
force winds and mountainous waves they landed exhausted on S. Georgia
after 15 days.
Due to prevailing winds they landed on the back side of S. Georgia
away from the whaling camp they needed to reach. The seas would
not allow them to sail around the island so they had to climb over
the glacier covered mountain range in the middle of the island without
climbing gear. The sharp volcanic range (2,200 meter peaks) was
so sharp that once they crested the range they could sit with one
leg on either side of the mountain and watch the
approaching storm that would surely kill them. In an act of desperation
they formed a human toboggan and slid down the far side glacier
into the dark not knowing
what was in front of them. They arrived in the whaling camp in one
piece without the benefit of clothing where the bottom of their
human toboggan had been.
One hundred twenty eight days later the rescue boat from S. Georgia
arrived at Elephant Island and rescued the survivors that had been
left there.
During the whole ordeal not a single human life was lost, not even
the stow-away.
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BOOKS BY/ABOUT
SIR ERNEST SHACKLETON
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